New York State Private Investigator Practice Exam

What is estoppel?

1. A method of collecting debts legally

2. A prohibition preventing contradictory claims based on prior acts

3. A legal term for refusing to testify

4. A strategy used in plea bargaining

The correct answer is: A prohibition preventing contradictory claims based on prior acts

Estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents an individual from asserting a claim or fact that is contrary to their previous statements, actions, or legal commitments. This principle is crucial in maintaining consistency and fairness in legal proceedings. When someone has acted in a way that leads others to reasonably rely on a particular set of facts or representations, estoppel can be invoked to prevent them from changing their position later to the detriment of those who relied on their original stance. For instance, if a property owner verbally agrees to sell their property at a certain price and the potential buyer relies on that statement, the owner cannot later deny the agreement simply because it wasn’t documented in writing. This helps uphold trust in agreements and transactions, ensuring that people cannot flip-flop on representations once others have relied on them.