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The term that best describes actions deemed against public policy or ethics is "turpitude." This legal concept is often associated with moral depravity or behavior that contradicts accepted standards of morality, integrity, and public policy. In legal contexts, when a person's actions are classified as involving turpitude, it usually signifies that those actions are not only unethical but can also lead to significant legal consequences.

Turpitude encompasses various acts that are considered inherently wrong or immoral, which can be relevant in situations involving disciplinary actions, immigration issues, or the character evaluation of individuals in legal proceedings. Understanding this concept is crucial for private investigators, as they often navigate complex ethical dilemmas in their work. Being aware of what constitutes turpitude helps ensure that their practices align with legal expectations and public policy.

In contrast, the other terms offered pertain to different legal concepts: precedent refers to previous court decisions that guide future cases; statute denotes written laws enacted by legislative bodies; and liability indicates legal responsibility for one's actions, which may or may not involve unethical conduct. These definitions do not directly relate to the idea of acting against public policy or ethical standards.