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The term that describes a legal review of a court's decision by a higher court is "Appeal." When a party is dissatisfied with a court's ruling, they can request that a higher court examine the case for potential errors in the legal process or the interpretation of law. This process allows for the possibility of overturning or modifying the lower court's decision if the higher court finds merit in the appeal.

In the context of legal proceedings, an appeal serves as an essential mechanism for ensuring that justice is served and that legal standards are upheld. It provides an opportunity for checks and balances within the judicial system, allowing for the correction of mistakes that may have occurred during the initial trial or hearing.

The other terms—arbitration, acquit, and affidavit—refer to different legal concepts. Arbitration is a method of dispute resolution outside of the court system, where an arbitrator makes a binding decision. Acquit refers to a verdict of not guilty in a criminal trial, indicating that the prosecution has not proven its case beyond a reasonable doubt. An affidavit is a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in legal proceedings. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify the unique role that appeals play in the judicial system.